The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.